Auto rack rail car with end closure

ABSTRACT

An auto rack rail road car has a main deck and upper deck. It is provided with a door for controlling access thereto. The door is a radial arm door, and has a ladder mounted thereon by which personnel can ascend the second deck when the door is open. A second ladder is mounted to the first deck so that when the door is open the second ladder is positioned to co-operate with the first ladder. The arcuate path of the door is free from overhanging obstructions. The door also has internal and external weld-free stiffeners member for enhancing the rigidity thereof. A roller mounted to the door permits the door to be moved between open and closed positions. The door may further include a lock. A guide member protruding from the door co-operates with a groove in the main deck which slidingly guides the door as it moves between open and closed positions to control access to the car.

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.10/685,943, filed Oct. 15, 2003, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,845,722, which is acontinuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/135,859, filed Apr.30, 2002, now abandoned.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to the field of auto rack rail road cars forcarrying motor vehicles, and more particularly to doors for auto rackrail road cars.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Auto rack rail road cars are used to transport automobiles. They may beused to transport finished automobiles from a factory to a distributioncenter. A long standing concern has been the frequency of damage claimsarising from vandalism and theft of the rail car cargo. Unauthorizedaccess to the rail cars may be achieved by prying open the rail caraccess doors. The access doors of rail cars described in the prior arttypically have slots or other openings to accommodate bridge plates,support structures or other obstructions. These openings may weaken thestructural integrity of the door, making the door less secure. The slotsor openings may also provide an opening in which to insert a pry bar toforce the door open. An example of a rail car having a door with slotsis described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,944,234 issued to Hesch on Jul. 31,1990, and entitled Rail Car End Assembly (the “Hesch Patent”). The HeschPatent shows a rail car door with a number of slots to accommodatebridge plates. In addition to possibly weakening the door, these slotsmight be used to insert a pry or other object to gain unauthorizedaccess to the rail car. The slots may also permit contaminants such asdirt and other foreign matter to enter the rail car, potentiallydamaging the rail car lading.

Auto rack rail road cars have ladders to permit rail yard personnel toascend to or descend from the upper decks of the rail car. Typically,the ladders are located near to the doors. These ladders are preferablysecured to the rail car body structure generally and are subject tovibration during operation of the rail car. The lower end of the ladderis typically secured to the first deck of the rail car, and the upperend of the ladder is typically secured to a support or brace member atthe other end. The support, or brace, may be anchored to the top chordof one of the wall assemblies. In cars in which the door extends pastthe height of the top chord to obstruct access to the gable end, thepositioning of the brace may tend to present design challenges. Due tomutual proximity, care is taken to avoid having the brace memberinterfere with the opening and closing of the door. As a result, thedoor may be configured to accommodate the ladder bracing. In U.S. Pat.No. 4,936,227, issued to Baker et al., on Jun. 26, 1990, and entitledEnd Door for Rail Car, interference with a brace member for the ladderis avoided by forming a notch in the outer edge of the door so that thedoor avoids collision with the brace. However this notch may tend toweaken the door and may also tend to permit dirt and other unwantedsubstances to enter the interior of the rail car. The notch may alsoprovide an access point for vandals or thieves to pry the door away fromthe rail car.

U.S. Pat. No. 4,924,780, issued to Hart on May 15, 1990, and entitledSliding End Panels for a Rail Car, shows a multi-panel door with aladder attached to a panel of the door. The door employs a number ofhinged panels, with each panel substantially supported and guided by awheel on a narrow track. It has been observed that multi-panel, hingeddoors may tend to require more maintenance, and more care in operationgenerally, than rigid panel radial arm doors. Further, each hinge, oropening, or crack may tend to provide a location at which vandals orthieves may seek access to the cars, or a point at which parts can bemisaligned.

Single panel, or rigid assembly, doors may tend to be simpler to buildand operate than multi-panel doors. An example of a rigid door is theradial arm door. Radial arm doors typically have a cross-section with anarcuate portion and a straight or linear portion tangent to the arcuateportion. The door may typically be supported by a pair of rollerassemblies located along the lower edge of the arcuate portion and areconstrained by the radial arm to follow a track of constant radiusdefining part of an arc of a circle. Since both rollers typically lie onthe arc, the tangent portion of the door may tend to be cantileveredrelative to the nearest roller. As a result, the roller assembly closestto the tangent portion may tend to support not only its share of thearcuate portion, but also most, or all of the weight of the tangentportion. This uneven weight distribution may cause the roller assemblynearest the tangent portion to wear prematurely. For example, in U.S.Pat. No. 3,995,563 of Blunden issued Dec. 7, 1976, two roller assembliesdirectly support the arcuate portion of the door. The tangent portionmay therefore tend primarily to be supported by the roller closest tothe meeting point of the tangent and arcuate portions. It would beadvantageous to distribute the loading more evenly between the rollers.

In typical radial arm door installations, for example as shown byBlunden, the rollers are guided by an arcuate track having a flange. Thetrack is mounted to the top surface of a first deck of the rail car. Aroller housing connects the roller to the door. The housing has a J-orL-shaped extension in the nature of a finger, or hook, that overlaps theflange to tend to prevent the door from becoming separated radially fromthe track. Difficulties may arise if forces transverse to the track areapplied to the door. For example, in the normal course of operation, thetrack may sag after years of operation under the weight of the door. Ifthe track sags, the rollers may tend to work their way off the tracksurface. Alternatively, ice or some other obstruction may form or becomelodged between the track and the roller. In either case, the door may beforced out of alignment with the track. If the extension becomesdeformed then the door may not open and close properly. Similarly, ifthe track itself is not adequately supported then the track and door maybegin to sag with extended use, causing similar difficulties. Evenwithout obstructions or misuse of the door, the extension and track maywear out sooner than may be desirable if the track is constructed usingrelatively thin pieces of steel or other metal.

The roller and track arrangement described above may also leave a gapbetween the bottom edge of the door and the track. As noted above, suchgaps may provide an access point for vandals, and may permit foreignmatter such as dirt to gain access to the interior of the rail car. Thepresence of dirt and debris in particular may inhibit the roller fromrotating if the dirt becomes lodged between the roller and its axis, ormay hasten wear.

Potentially damaging dirt and debris may also enter the rail car viagaps formed along the attachment interface between the rail car roof andthe top chord of the wall assemblies. This may tend to occur when acorrugated roof structure is used. While the peaks of the corrugationmay abut the top chord along a longitudinal edge thereof, the valleys ofthe corrugation form passages for dirt and other debris to pass from theexterior to the interior of the rail car. This may occur even if thepeaks abut an attachment plate or bracket of the top chord with thepeaks abutting a generally flat surface of the plate or bracket insteadof the edge of the top chord.

Typically, auto rack rail car doors, and in particular, radial armdoors, can be characterized as being thin shell structures. That is, thedoor has a developed span in the order of 5 ft to 9 ft wide, dependingon the arc, a height on the order of 16 or 17 ft, and a skin thicknessof perhaps {fraction (3/16)}″. Although the door obtains some stiffnessfrom its arcuate shape, the large door area may be relatively vulnerableto damage, and may be prone to relatively large deflections. It isdesirable for the shell to be stiff. Given the area of coverage of thedoor, even a relatively thin shell of steel sheet may have aconsiderable weight, particularly when fitted out with locks, rollersand other door hardware. Thus, it is undesirable to increase the generalthickness of the door to obtain greater stiffness, since there is aninherent weight penalty.

In the past, attempts have been made to stiffen the door by providingwelded angle irons, pipe, tubes and so on. However, it has been observedthat welded reinforcements in doors may tend to be initiation sites forfatigue cracks, and even when repaired, may tend to crack again. Itwould be advantageous to provide reinforcements to give stiffness to thedoor, without necessarily relying on welds that might be prone to crackformation.

Another feature of auto rack doors relates to the portion of the doorlying above the level of the wall top chord to enclose the gable end ofthe car. In earlier types of auto rack rail road car, such as that shownin Blunden Patent noted above, the radial arm door did not extend abovethe level of the top chord. However, this did not necessarily preventdetermined thieves or vandals from climbing over the top of the door toobtain access to vehicles carried on the highest deck. Consequently,there have been several attempts to enclose the gable end. Adisadvantage in many of these cases is the need to notch the door toaccommodate the ladder support structure as noted above. Further, sincethe door tended not to be restrained at the roof line, the gable endportion of the door tended to be relatively weak. Thieves, or vandals,might be able to bend the upper portion of the door outward, and therebygain access to the upper deck. It would be advantageous to discouragethis activity by restraining a significant portion of the door to followthe arc of the roof line, and to lock the door to the roof when the dooris in the closed position.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In an aspect of the present invention there is an auto rack rail roadcar that has a set of radial arm doors. At least one of the radial armdoors has a deck access ladder mounted to it. Furthermore, in anotheraspect of the invention the radial arm doors follow an arcuate trackrelative to the main deck. The space above the main deck, to a heightgreater than the height of the top chords, is clear of overhangingstructural obstructions such as ladder braces.

In another aspect of the invention there is an auto rack rail road carhaving a rail car body. The rail car body has a first end, a second end,and at least a first deck for carrying automobiles. The first deckextends between the first and second ends. The body has a non-foldingdoor operable to control access to the rail road car. The door has adeck access apparatus mounted thereto by which personnel can ascend thesecond deck when the door is in an open position.

In another feature of that aspect of the invention, the door has anexternal surface facing away from the decks, and the deck accessapparatus includes footholds mounted to an external surface of the door.In a further feature, the door has an external surface facing away fromthe decks, and the deck access apparatus includes ladder rungs mountedto the external surface of the door. In another feature the deck accessapparatus is a ladder. In still another feature, the door is a radialarm door.

In yet another feature of the aspect of the invention, the rail road carhas a pair of doors. The doors are movable to a mating, closed position.At least one of the doors has a seal mounted thereto. The seal isengaged between the doors when the doors are in the closed position. Ina further feature, the seal is an ‘O’-seal, and when the doors areclosed the seal is compressed.

In still another further feature, the door follows an arcuate trackbetween open and closed positions. In a further feature, the door issupported on a first roller and a second roller. The first and secondrollers are constrained to follow concentric paths. The first roller hasa first path radius, and the second roller has a second path radius. Thefirst path radius is different from the second path radius. In anotherfurther feature, the first and second rollers each support a portion ofthe weight of the door during motion of the door between the open andclosed positions.

In another feature of that aspect of the invention, the rail road carhas a pair of laterally spaced first and second longitudinally extendingwalls bounding the first and second decks, and a roof extendingtransversely between the walls to overspan the decks; the walls eachhaving a top chord distant from the first deck; the roof extending to agreater height than the top chord. The door follows an arcuate pathrelative to the first deck. The door extends to a height greater thanthe height of the top chord. The path of the door is free of overhangingstructure.

In another further feature, the door has a main sheet and an array ofhorizontal and vertical stiffeners. The main sheet has a first side anda second side. The horizontal stiffeners are mounted to the first sideof the main sheet, and the vertical stiffeners are mounted to the secondside of the main sheet. In a further feature, at least one of thestiffeners is mounted to the main sheet with mechanical fasteners. In astill further feature, at least one of the vertical stiffeners isconnected to at least one of the horizontal stiffeners by a mechanicalfastening through the main sheet.

In yet another feature, the rail road car has a longitudinal centerlinelying in a central vertical plane. The door is supported on at leastfirst and second rollers. The first roller bears at least as great aportion of the door as any other roller supporting the door. The door ismounted to move angularly through an arc centered about an axis ofrotation, the axis of rotation being offset laterally from the centralvertical plane. The door is movable to a closed position, and, in theclosed position the first roller is positioned closer to the centralvertical plane than the axis of rotation. In a further feature, thefirst roller has an axis of rotation and the axis of rotation of thefirst roller intersects the axis of rotation of the door. In still yetanother feature, the door is a radial arm door having an arcuate portionand a tangential portion, and the first roller is mounted to thetangential portion of the door.

In another feature of that aspect of the invention, the first deck has aguideway and the door has a guide follower mounted to engage theguideway. In a further feature, the guideway is a slot formed in thefirst deck, and the guide follower is a member extending downwardly fromthe door into the slot. In another further feature, the deck is greaterthan ¾ inches in thickness.

In still another feature of the invention, the deck access apparatus isa first ladder mounted to the door. A second ladder is mounted to thefirst deck. When the door is in the open position the first ladder ispositioned to co-operate with the second ladder. In a further feature,the door is a radial arm door having, when closed, an outboard arcuateportion and an inboard tangential portion. The deck access apparatus isa first ladder mounted to the door; and the ladder is mounted to thetangential portion.

In another aspect of the invention, there is an auto rack rail road carhaving a first deck upon which to carry wheeled vehicles, and a housingstructure extending upwardly of the deck to define a space in which toshelter wheeled vehicles. The housing structure has a top chord distantfrom the deck, and a roof overspanning the first deck. The roof rises toa greater height than the top chord. The car has at least a first pairof radial arm doors operable to control access to the interior of thesheltered space. At least a first of the radial arm doors is movable onan arcuate path relative to the first deck, and the first door extendsto a height greater than the top chord. The path of the first door isfree of overhanging obstructions.

In another aspect of the present invention, there is an auto rack railroad car comprising: an autorack body including a first deck upon whichto carry automobiles, and a housing structure, said housing structureincluding a roof assembly overspanning said first deck; said first deckhaving a first lock fitting; said roof assembly having a gable end; saidroof assembly having a second lock fitting at said gable end; at leastone radial arm door operable to provide access to said first deck; saiddoor having a releasable locking apparatus; said locking apparatusincluding a first locking member operable to engage said first lockfitting, and a second locking member operable to engage said second lockfitting.

In another aspect of the present invention, there is an auto rack railroad car comprising: an autorack body including a first deck upon whichto carry automobiles, and a housing structure, said housing structureincluding a roof assembly overspanning said first deck; said first deckhaving a first lock fitting; said roof assembly having a gable end; saidroof assembly having a second lock fitting at said gable end; at leastone door operable to provide access to said housing structure; said doorhaving a releasable locking apparatus; said locking apparatus includinga first locking member operable to engage said first lock fitting, and asecond locking member operable to engage said second lock fitting.

In another aspect of the present invention, there is an auto rack railroad car comprising a body having a deck structure for transportingautomobiles, and a housing structure enclosing the deck structure; thehousing structure including upstanding sidewalls surmounted by topchords, said top chords being surmounted by a gabled roof assemblyhaving corrugated roof panels assembled in the form of a downwardly openU-shape, and said gabled roof assembly includes non-corrugated endsheets.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The principles of the present invention may be understood by referenceto the description of an exemplary, but not limiting, embodiment, orembodiments of the invention as described below with the aid of theaccompanying illustrative Figures in which:

FIG. 1 shows a side view of a single unit auto rack rail road car;

FIG. 2 a shows a partial cross-sectional view of the auto rack rail roadcar of FIG. 1 in a bi-level configuration, taken on line ‘2 a-2 a’ ofFIG. 1;

FIG. 2 b shows a partial cross-sectional view of the auto rack rail roadcar of FIG. 1 in a bi-level configuration, taken on line ‘2 b-2 b’ ofFIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is an isometric view of an end of the rail road car of FIG. 1showing a pair of doors of the rail road car;

FIG. 4 is an isolated isometric view of the doors of FIG. 3 showing thedoors in an open position;

FIG. 5 is an isolated isometric view showing the inboard side of thedoors of the auto rack rail road car of FIG. 1;

FIG. 6 a is a partial end view of the rail road car of FIG. 1;

FIG. 6 b is an exploded isometric view of a roller assembly of the railroad car of FIG. 1;

FIG. 6 c is an assembled view of the roller assembly of FIG. 6 b;

FIG. 7 a shows a cross-sectional view of a door of the auto-rack railroad car of FIG. 1 taken on ‘7 a-7 a’ of FIG. 6 a;

FIG. 7 b shows a cross-sectional view of a door of the auto-rack railroad car of FIG. 1 taken on ‘7 b-7 b’ of FIG. 6 a;

FIG. 8 is a partial sectional view from above of an end of the rail roadcar of FIG. 1 taken on ‘8-8’ as indicated in FIGS. 2 a and 2 b, andshowing one of the doors in a closed position and one of the doors in anopen position;

FIG. 9 is a sectional view of a locking pin assembly of the rail roadcar of FIG. 1 taken on ‘9-9’ as indicated in FIG. 7 a;

FIG. 10 is an isolated side view of a lever assembly for operating thelocking pin of FIG. 9;

FIG. 11 a shows a side view of a three unit auto rack rail road carhaving end doors like those of the auto rack rail road car of FIG. 1;

FIG. 11 b shows a side view of an alternate three unit auto rack railroad car to the articulated rail road unit car of FIG. 11 a, havingcantilevered articulations;

FIG. 12 shows a partial end view of the interface between a roof and atop chord of the rail road car of FIG. 1;

FIG. 13 shows a partial profile of the corrugated roof section of therail road car of FIG. 1;

FIG. 14 is a partial cut-away isometric view of the rail car of FIG. 1,with the door removed, showing an upper door guide;

FIG. 15 shows a partial sectional view of an upper door guide and doorof the rail car of FIG. 1 in section ‘15-15’ of FIG. 8 with the door ina partially open position;

FIG. 16 shows a cross-section of an inter-door seal and associated doorportions of the rail car of FIG. 1;

FIG. 17 shows a cross-section of an alternate door seal for the rail carof FIG. 1;

FIG. 18 shows a cross-section of an alternate roof seal for the rail carof FIG. 1.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The description that follows, and the embodiments described therein, areprovided by way of illustration of an example, or examples, ofparticular embodiments of the principles of the present invention. Theseexamples are provided for the purposes of explanation, and not oflimitation, of those principles and of the invention. In thedescription, like parts are marked throughout the specification and thedrawings with the same respective reference numerals. The drawings arenot necessarily to scale and in some instances proportions may have beenexaggerated in order more clearly to depict certain features of theinvention.

In terms of general orientation and directional nomenclature, for eachof the rail road cars described herein, the longitudinal direction isdefined as being coincident with the rolling direction of the car, orcar unit, when located on tangent (that is, straight) track. In the caseof a car having a center sill, whether a through center sill or stubsill, the longitudinal direction is parallel to the center sill, andparallel to the side sills, if any. Unless otherwise noted, vertical, orupward and downward, are terms that use top of rail, TOR, as a datum.The term lateral, or laterally outboard, refers to a distance ororientation relative to the longitudinal centerline of the railroad car,or car unit, indicated as CL—Rail Car. The term “longitudinallyinboard”, or “longitudinally outboard” is a distance taken relative to amid-span lateral section of the car, or car unit.

FIG. 1 shows a single unit auto rack rail road car, indicated generallyas 20. It has a rail car body 22 supported for rolling motion in thelongitudinal direction (i.e., along the rails) upon a pair of rail cartrucks 23 and 24 mounted at main bolsters at either of the first andsecond ends 26, 28 of rail car body 22. Body 22 has a housing structure30 (shown in FIGS. 2 a and 2 b), including a pair of left and right handsidewall structures 32, 34 and a canopy, or roof structure 36 thatco-operate to define an enclosed lading space. Body 22 has staging inthe nature of a main deck 38 running the length of the car between firstand second ends 26, 28 upon which wheeled vehicles, such as automobilescan be conducted. Body 22 may have staging in either a bi-levelconfiguration (shown in FIGS. 2 a and 2 b) in which a second, or upperdeck 40 is mounted above main deck 38 to permit two layers of vehiclesto be carried; or a tri-level configuration in which a top deck ismounted above the upper deck 40, and above main deck 38 to permit threelayers of vehicles to be carried. The staging, whether bi-level ortri-level, is mounted to the sidewall structures 32, 34. Each of thedecks defines a roadway, trackway, or pathway, by which wheeled vehiclessuch as automobiles can be conducted between the ends of rail road car20.

In the example shown in FIG. 1, a through center sill 50 extends betweenends 26, 28. A set of cross-bearers 52 extend to either side of centersill 50, terminating at side sills 56, 58. Main deck 38 is supportedabove cross-bearers 52 and between side sills 56, 58. Sidewallstructures 32, 34 each include an array of vertical support members, inthe nature of posts 60, that extend between side sills 56, 58, and topchords 62, 64. Roof structure 36 includes a central corrugated roofsheet structure 66 and mating, formed roof side sheet portions 65 and67. Roof structure 36 extends between top chords 62 and 64 above deck 38and such other decks as may be employed. Roof structure 36 also includesuncorrugated formed sheet gable end portions 61, 63 that extendlongitudinally outboard of corrugated roof sheet structure 66 from the“number 2 post” 80 to meet doors 68 and 70. The use of a non-corrugatedend sheet portion may tend to simplify the fit-up geometry of thedoor-to-gable end interface, facilitating a better fit to roof to doorseals as described below.

Doors

Referring to FIGS. 3, 4, 5 and 6 a, doors 68 and 70 are a co-operatingpair of radial arm doors that are operable to enclose the openings atthe ends 26, 28 of car 20 and thereby to control access to the internalspace defined within housing structure 30. Doors 68 and 70 are movableto a closed position as shown in FIGS. 3 and 5 to inhibit access to theinterior of car 20, and to an open position as shown in FIG. 4 to permitaccess to the interior. Alternatively, one of the ends 26 or 28 may beclosed or sealed using some other means such as an end wall structure(not shown) and doors 68, 70 provide access to the remaining end 26 or28. Except as otherwise noted, doors 68 and 70 are mirror (that is, leftand right hand) configurations of one another and the description of oneapplies to the other except to the extent of being to the opposite hand.Similarly, rail car 20 is substantially symmetrical about itslongitudinal and mid-span transverse centerlines, unless otherwiseindicated.

Referring to FIGS. 3, 5, and 6 a, doors 68 and 70 are shown in theclosed position, and in FIG. 4 doors 68, 70 are shown in the openposition, both doors being movable along the arcuate paths betweenrespective open and closed positions, thereby controlling access to theinternal space of the rail road car

Door 68 (or door 70, opposite hand, as may be) has a generally rigidbody (i.e., non-folding) that, preferably, employs a monolithic mainsheet 82, formed to have the desired arcuate and tangential portions 81and 83. Notably, door 68 does not have (i.e., is free of) slots, orrecesses formed in the door to correspond to the location of thewheelways of the mid-level deck (or, in a tri-level, the mid and upperlevels), and does not have a notch at the level of the sidewall topchord. As such, door 68 may tend to present less opportunity forundesirable foreign matter, such as rain, sand, gravel and such like, toenter into the car and mar the finish of automobile products carried intransit. The reduction in the number of slots or recesses in the doormay also tend to enhance its structural integrity and overall stiffnessand may tend to provide a measure of discouragement for thieves andvandals.

Door 68 has a first, arcuate, outboard portion 72 and a second inboard,or tangent portion 74. Each portion 72, 74 is rigidly connected to theother. The major axis of rotation ‘X’ of door 68 runs substantially inthe vertical direction. Outboard portion 72 has a generally arcuatehorizontal cross-section of constant radius of curvature centered onaxis ‘X’. Second portion 74 has a substantially linear (i.e., flat)cross-section. Arcuate portion 72 is preferably formed integrally withsecond portion 74 so that it lies tangent to arcuate portion 72.Alternatively, portions 72 and 74 could be formed separately, and thenbe rigidly connected to each other.

Referring to FIG. 8, door 68 is constrained to follow a generallycircular arc by a radial guidance member, such as radial arm 84,attached thereto. A first end 86 of the radial arm 84 is attached to aside of door 68, and a second end 88 of the radial arm 84 is configuredfor pivotal attachment to a structure inboard of the door 68, preferablya pivot mount on the underside of mid level deck 40. At its first end 86radial arm 84 may also be pivotally attached to the concave side 90 ofdoor 68 at a location proximate to a free vertical edge 92 of thetangent portion 74. The structure to which radial arm 84 is attached maybe the underside of the upper deck 40 (of a bi-level car), the top deck(of a tri-level car, not shown), or the roof 36. To avoid obstructionswhen door 68 is opened and closed, radial arm 84 has a dog-leg or elbow96 in a horizontal plane. As best shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, door 70differs from door 68 in that it has a radially inwardly stepped shell 98defining an accommodation, recess or cavity to accommodate a hand brake(not shown). Door 68 is preferably constructed from sheet metal, such asformed steel sheet. It could also be made of aluminum sheet.

Referring to FIGS. 8, 16, 17 and 18, when door 68 (or 70, as may be) isin the open position, the most longitudinally inboard edge 100 of thearcuate portion 72 abuts a shear bay panel 77 which is mounted between avertical support referred to as the “number one post” indicated as 79and a longitudinally inboard vertical support referred to as the “numbertwo post” 81. The number one post 79 stands laterally inboard relativeto the number two post 81, and, in the open position, door 68 moves tothe outside of the shear bay panel 77. When door 68 is in the closedposition, the most longitudinally inboard edge 100 of the arcuateportion 72 abuts a panel identified as shear bay panel extension 102,that extends longitudinally outboard of number onepost 79.

When door 68 (or 70) is in the closed position a gap may tend to existbetween edge 100 and an adjacent structure such as shear bay panelextension 102. Were such a gap to exist, it might tend to permitcontaminants including dirt and other matter to enter the interior ofthe rail car 20. To discourage such a result, doors 68 and 70 have awing member in the nature of a vertically running, inwardly extendingflange 103 mounted to edge 100. A sealing member in the nature of avertically running p-seal 104 (see FIGS. 7 a and 17) is attached toflange 103 and may tend to reduce or eliminate the gap, thereby tendingto inhibit entry of debris into the interior of rail car 20.

When door 68 is in the closed position a gap may tend also to existbetween a top edge 106 of door 68 and an adjacent structure such as roof36. An angled flange 108 protruding from top edge 106 spans the gap andoverlaps with roof 36. Flange 108 preferably overlaps above roof 36 andruns along the top edge of door 68 (or 70), following the arcuate,descending profile of the door edge in a manner corresponding to thearcuate, descending edge of the gable end of roof 36. Alternatively, oradditionally, an obstruction such as a seal or a p-seal 110 forinhibiting the passage of matter between top edge 106 and roof 36 may beprovided along the top edge 106 of door 68. P-seal 110 is mounted to runalong the arcuate descending profile of the door edge, and thereby, whenthe door is closed, to engage the corresponding roof profile and therebyto tend to form a sealed door to roof interface. Seals 104 and 110 maybe alternatively attached to the adjacent structure of shear bay panelextension 102 as shown in FIG. 17 and roof 36 as shown in FIG. 18. Afurther, main vertical door seal 111 is shown in FIG. 16. Door seal 111is an ‘O’-seal mounted to the transversely inboard (when closed) edge ofdoor 68 . Seal 111 is compressed when the two doors are broughttogether, seal 111 then bearing against a mating land on door 70.

Ladder

Referring to FIG. 4, an upper door traversing apparatus or deck accessapparatus, in the nature of a ladder 114, having an array of footholdsin the nature of, for example, ladder rungs 116, is mounted to extendoutwardly from an upper region of tangent portion 74 of door 68 alongthe external or outboard surface 118. Ladder 114 permits personnel toascend upper deck 40 (or third deck, if applicable) when door 68 is inan open position. Six rungs 116 are preferably arranged vertically andequidistant from one another along external surface 118.

When door 68 (or 70) is in its open position, rungs 116 lie generallyabove and are generally in line with and accessible from, a secondladder, or ladder portion such as a deck level access ladder 120, suchthat a person may climb from track level up access ladder 120 and ontorungs 116 and thereby to obtain access to the upper deck, or decks ofcar 20. Deck level access ladder 120 is mounted laterally outboard ofdoor 68 to permit movement of door 68 between closed and open positions.

Access ladder 120 is mounted rigidly to main deck 38, and extendssubstantially vertically upwardly therefrom. Rungs 122 of access ladder120 are preferably oriented parallel to the plane of main deck 38 andparallel to the longitudinal center line of the rail car 20. Rungs 122are mounted to a support structure 124 of access ladder 120. Supportstructure 124 has a wedge-shaped horizontal cross-section andlongitudinal flanges 125 and 127. Each rung 122 is mounted at one end toflange 125 and at the other end to flange 127. The wedge-shapedcross-section of support structure 124 is wider adjacent thelongitudinal outboard end of rail car 20 to increase the effective depthof section and thereby to tend to enhance structural support for accessladder 120 while permitting passage of door 68 between ladder 120 shearbay panel 102. Ladder 120 is free of a longitudinal brace to either the“Number 2 post” 80, or to the top chord 62, 64.

The absence of a longitudinally extending ladder brace at, for example,the level of the top chord may tend to obviate the need for a braceaccommodating notch or cut-out in the upper portion of doors 68, 70.Since a ladder is provided on door 68 (or 70) itself, and since ladder120 is free-standingly mounted to main deck 38, the arcuate path of thedoor is not then overhung by an overhead brace or other ladder supportstructure that might otherwise tend to obstruct the motion of the door.As such, this may tend to reduce, or eliminate another opening throughwhich foreign objects may enter car 20, and may tend also to improve thesectional stiffness of doors 68, 70 more generally and of the uppergable extension portions of doors 68, 70 that lie at a height greaterthan the height of the top chord in particular. While it is preferablethat each door 68, 70 have a ladder 114 mounted thereon along with anassociated adjacent access ladder 120, access to upper deck 40 may beachieved by including a ladder 114 on just one of doors 68 and 70.

The inside face 128 of the tangent portion 74 may be provided with ahand hold rung 129, or rungs (shown in FIG. 5) suitable for a personstanding on main deck 38, upper deck 40, or on a top deck (ifapplicable) to permit the person to move between deck 38 or 40 andladder 114. Hand holds 130 may also be provided on the outboard side 118of door 68 adjacent to rungs 116. The lower hand holds 130 may also begrasped to open and close doors 68 and 70.

Stiffening Members

As noted above, door 68 (or 70, as may be) has a generally rigid bodythat may be a monolith or that may be formed of at least two singlepanels laminated to one another. An array of stiffening members in thenature of a transverse or horizontal stiffeners 132 is attached to door68 and may tend to enhance the rigidity of door 68. Transverse stiffener132 is a pressing in the form of a hat section having arcuate andtangential portions conforming to the profile of door sheet 82. It ismounted to extend along the profile of the outboard surface 118 of door68 and is preferably horizontally oriented. Four horizontal stiffeners132 are spaced equidistantly from one another, with each rung 116 ofladder 114 located between adjacent stiffeners 132.

Stiffeners in the nature of vertical stiffeners, 131, 133, 134, 135, and137 are mounted to door 68. Vertical stiffeners 133 and 135 are attachedto the inboard surface 136 of door 68 adjacent to the free edge ofarcuate portion 74. External stiffener 131 is Huck™ bolted through panel82 to bridge the gap left between stiffeners 133 and 135 to accommodatethe end of deck 40. The free edges of the tangent portions of doors 68and 70 are similarly reinforced by vertical hat section channel members,identified as vertical stiffeners 134. A vertical stiffener 137 ismounted along the upper region of the free edge of the arcuate portionof door 70, but differs from stiffener 134 in being truncated toaccommodate the inwardly extending portion of stepped shell 98.

Stiffener 134 is a formed channel having a back, a pair of legsextending from the back to form a channel, and a pair of feet bentoutwardly from the legs, the feet providing flanges that lie against theinside the main sheet of door 68. The feet are then secured in placeusing mechanical fasteners, such as Huck™ bolts. Stiffeners 131, 133,and 135 are of similar construction and assembly but is somewhatnarrower in width than stiffener 134.

Referring to FIG. 7 b, to increase further the rigidity of door 68 (or70), the vertical stiffeners are connected to horizontal stiffeners 132through door 68 at those locations where the vertical and horizontalstiffeners overlap. Door sheet 82 is thus sandwiched between horizontalstiffeners on one side and vertical stiffeners on the other.

As noted above, in the preferred embodiment, the vertical and horizontalstiffeners 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, and 137 are generally hat shaped insection, each having a flattened U-shaped lateral cross-section andoutwardly extending flanges 144 and 146, running along their respectivelongitudinal edges. The longitudinal flanges 144, 146 each haveapertures, or bores formed therethrough to admit a mechanical fastener.These bores, or holes, of the vertical stiffener, such as may be arelocated to correspond to, (that is, align with) the corresponding boresor holes of the horizontal stiffeners 132 at the attachment intersectionsuch as point 142. Door 68 (or 70, as the case may be) has correspondingholes or bores formed therethrough. It is preferred that the mechanicalfasteners used to secure stiffeners 131, 132, 133, 134, 135 and 137 inplace be driven through the flanges of the respective horizontalstiffener from the outside, through main sheet 82 of door 68 (or 70, asmay be), and through aligned holes in the flanges of the verticalstiffener on the inside of the door. As such, each connection locationof a vertical stiffener with a horizontal stiffener will be a four pointconnection, the four points forming a rectangle such as may tend toprovide resistance against rotational deformation of the joint orconnection so formed. The fastener 148 may be a bolt and nut, a formedrivet, or, preferably, a Huck™ bolt. The Huck™ bolt has a collar portionwhich receives a Huck™ bolt rivet having non-pitched threads. This maytend to form a relatively secure connection tending to have a reducedtendency for fatigue crack formation as compared to a welded connection.A welded connection may nevertheless be used. Additional fasteners maybe used to attach the vertical and horizontal stiffeners 132, 134 to thedoor panels.

Rollers

Referring to FIGS. 4, 5, 6 b, 6 c and 7 a, to facilitate opening andclosing of door 68 (or 70), a rolling contact member, such as a wheel orroller 150, is mounted along the lower margin of tangent portion 74 ofdoor 68 (or 70 as the case may be). Roller 150 has a sealed bearing 152with a shaft 155 extending therethrough. Shaft 155 is carried in abracket 156 mounted to door 68. Shaft 154 and sealed bearing 152 permitrolling motion of the roller 150 on an adjacent horizontal surface,which is preferably perpendicular to longitudinal axis ‘X’ of door 68.Sealed bearing 152 may also tend to prevent the interface between shaft155 and bearing 152 from becoming contaminated with water, dirt or otherdebris that might otherwise tend to inhibit movement of roller 150 aboutshaft 155. Roller 150 is mounted adjacent to a lower edge 158 of door 68for rolling motion on main deck 38 so that roller 150 carries asubstantial portion of the weight of door 68 when the door 68 is openedand closed.

Door 68 has a second roller 160 mounted to the lower margin of door 68(or 70) near the free edge of arcuate portion 72. In this descriptionthe first roller 150 is a leading roller and the second roller 160 is afollowing roller (this nomenclature being arbitrarily chosen on thebasis of motion as the door is being closed). Both rollers are inrolling contact with, and in operation between open and closed positionsof door 68 (or 70) roll along, main deck 38. In the preferredembodiment, rollers 150 and 160 roll along a main deck plate, such asguide plate 222, of main deck 38 (described in greater detail below)throughout the full range of travel between the open and closedpositions of door 68 (or 70 as may be). Except as described below,following roller 160 has substantially the same general configuration aslead roller 150. As described below, in the preferred embodiment, roller160 is located adjacent vertical edge 100 (that is, the free edge ofarcuate portion 72) and roller 150 is angularly spaced from roller 160by about 70 degrees.

Referring to FIGS. 6 b and 6 c, the lower margin of main sheet 82 ofdoor 68 (or 70) is reinforced by inner and outer cuffs, or skirt platesidentified respectively as 151 and 153. Shaft 167 of roller 160 has afirst stub end 155 for engaging a mating aperture, 157 in door 68 (or70, as may be).

A second, slotted end 159 for seating in, and extending through anaperture 161 in bracket 169 and an eccentric medial barrel 163. Barrel163 is sized to mate with bearing 152. Rotation at shaft 155 relative toapertures 157 and 161 will cause barrel 163 to move as a cam, therebypermitting height adjustment of roller 160 relative to door 68 (or 70).On fit-up door 68 (or 70) is mounted on the car, and supported in itsdesired closed position. Shaft 167 of roller 160 is rotated to thedesired position, and then a square bar, or key 165 inserted in slottedend 159 is welded to bracket 169. Although roller 160 has been describedas having an adjustable cam, both rollers 150 and 160 could be soprovided. In the preferred embodiment, roller 150 has an adjustable cam,and roller 160 has a fixed shaft, such that angular adjustment on fit-upis at roller 150.

Leading roller 150 is positioned to trace a first arc of constant radiusR₁₅₀ when door 68 is moved from an open position to a closed position.Following roller 160 is positioned to trace a second arc of constantradius R₁₆₀, having the same center (i.e., axis ‘X’) as the first arc,when door 68 (or 70) is moved between open and closed positions. Theradius R₁₆₀ of the second arc is less than the radius R₁₅₀ of the firstarc and is concentric with the first arc so that door 68 opens andcloses following a radial arc, as it is constrained to do by its radialarm 84. The radius of arcuate portion 72 of door 68 is preferablygreater than, and is concentric with, the first arc traced by leadingroller 150. Both rollers 150, 160 are located on the inboard side 136 ofdoor 68.

Following roller 160 is mounted adjacent to the free vertical edge 100of arcuate portion 72. The axis of rotation of roller 160 issubstantially normal to arcuate portion 72, orienting roller 160 totrace an arc of constant radius concentric with the arc of arcuateportion 72. That is to say, the intersection of the axis of rotation ofroller 160 with the skin of the main panel of the door, is perpendicularto the skin at the point of intersection. Lead roller 150 is mounted totangent portion 74 of door 68 (or 70). The axes of rotation of rollers150 and 160 preferably lie in the same plane. Bracket 156 holding roller150 is mounted to tangent portion 74, such that the point of contact ofroller 150 with deck 38 is inwardly offset from the inner face of themain panel of tangent portion 74 a distance δ, and holds roller 150 atan angle φ relative to a perpendicular drawn from tangent portion 74such that the axis of rotation of roller 150 intersects the axis ofrotation ‘X’ of door 68 more generally.

A radial line from the center of rotation of door 68 (or 70), indicatedas point X, to free vertical edge 100 is designated as an angular datum.The radial line from X to roller 160, namely the axis of rotation ofroller 160, lies at an angle β from the datum. The juncture of the bentportion of door 68, namely arcuate portion 72, with the other portion,namely the distaff or tangent portion 74 occurs at the point oftangency, indicated in FIG. 7 a as ‘P’. A further line XP is constructedfrom X through P, this line being parallel to the longitudinalcenterline CL of car 20 when door 68 is closed, and being perpendicularto tangent portion 74. The included minor angle between the datum and XPis indicated as α. The included minor angle between XP and the axis ofrotation of roller 150 is indicated as ψ. The included minor anglebetween the axes of rotation of rollers 150 and 160 is indicated as θ.The total included angle between the datum and the axis of rotation ofroller 150 is the sum of β+θ, and is indicated as angle ρ.

By mounting roller 150 to tangent portion 74 at a skewed angle(actually=ψ) relative to tangent portion 74, the axis of rotation ofroller 150 lies outside the angular arc defined by the extremities(namely edge 100 and point P) of the bent, or arcuate portion 72 of door68 (or 70). Put another way, angle ρ lies outside the range of anglesfalling between the datum and line XP, ρ being greater than α. Roller150 is thereby placed closer to the free edge of tangent portion 74 thanit would be if roller 150 were mounted to arcuate portion 72 of door 68.As such, a relatively greater portion of the mass of door 68 may tend tobe supported in the span between the points of contact of rollers 150and 160 than would be the case if roller 150 were mounted between thedatum and point ‘P’. The portion of door 68 (or 70) cantilevered beyondthe point of contact of roller 150, namely that portion between roller150 and free edge 92 of tangent portion 74, is correspondingly reduced.As such the distribution of the static weight of door 68 between rollers150 and 160 may tend to be more evenly allocated than might be the caseif roller 150 lay within the range of angle α instead.

The axis of rotation of roller 160 lies relatively close to the datum,angle β being less than ⅓ of angle α. In the embodiment illustrated theincluded minor angle θ between rollers 150 and 160 is greater than theincluded minor angle α of arcuate portion 72. As such, the wheelbase, orspan, between the points of contact of rollers 150 and 160 and deck 38is also longer than it might be if roller 150 fell within the range ofangle a. Use of a relatively long wheelbase in this way may tend toencourage smoother and more stable operation of door 68.

Given that both are referenced to lines drawn perpendicular to tangentportion 74, angle Ø and angle ψ are equal. Further, when door 68 is inthe closed position, tangent portion 74 lies perpendicular to the carcenterline, such that angle Ø (or angle ψ), also defines the angle ofintersection of the axis or rotation of roller 150 with the centerlineof car 20. The point of intersection of the axis of rotation of roller150 and the centerline of car 20 will lie longitudinally well outboardof door 68, and of car 20 more generally.

As mounted to tangent portion 74, leading roller 150 is located suchthat the arc traced by it terminates at a point that lies a distance λlaterally inboard relative to the center of the axis of rotation of door68. As noted, the angular distance between rollers 150 and 160 may beabout 70 degrees. The length of an arc, being of generally constantradius as measured from point X, and bisecting the axes of rotation ofrollers 150 and 160 adjacent rollers 150 and 160, may be approximately34 inches.

It is advantageous for the static load on roller 160 to be at least ¼ asgreat as the static load on roller 150. It is preferred that the staticload on roller 160 be at least ⅓ as great as the static load on roller150.

In FIG. 7 a, the overall chord length of door 70 (or door 68) isindicated as L_(0/A), measured from the outboard edge 100 to the inboardedge 92. The parallel projected distance from inboard edge 92 to thecenter of roller 150 is indicated as L₂. The parallel projected spacedistance between roller 150 and roller 160 is indicated as L₁ and theremainder between roller 160 outboard edge 100 is indicated as L₃ suchthat L₁+L₂ +L₃ =L_(0/A). It is advantageous for (L₂/L_(0/A)) to be lessthan 0.4. It is preferable that (L₂/L_(0/A)) be in the range of 0.15 to0.35, at which 0.25 to 0.30 is a possible range, and 0.27 (+/−) is onepossible value in preferred embodiment. It is also advantageous for(L₁/L_(0/A)) to be at least as great as 0.5 and preferably in the rangeof 0.55 to 0.70 with a value in a preferred embodiment of 0.58 to 0.60.

Lock

Referring to FIGS. 5, 6 a, 9 and 10, a door securing apparatus in thenature of a locking assembly 140 is attached to door 68 (and door 70,opposite hand, as may be) to inhibit movement of door 68 (or door 70)when locking assembly 140 is in an engaged (i.e., locked) condition.Locking assembly 140 has an actuator assembly 141, and engagingapparatus identified as latch assemblies 204 and 216.

Actuator assembly 141 has an actuator arm member in the nature of alever 192 mounted on a stub shaft 162. Stub shaft 162 protrudes througha rectangular mounting plate 175, and is held in place by a cotter pin177. The inner end of stub shaft 162 has flats that mate with anaperture in lever 192 in a torque transmitting relationship. The far endof stub shaft 162 (which faces toward the outside of the car and extendsthrough an aperture in door sheet 82) has a four sided socket 218 forreceiving a torque transmitting door opening key. Shaft 162 issurrounded by a bushing 202 mounted to plate 175. Bushing 202 ispreferably sintered and permanently lubricated, such as an oilitebushing, to tend to reduce the maintenance required for the lockassembly 140. An external housing 181 is mounted by fasteners (such asrivets) to main sheet 82 of door 68 (or 70). Mounting plate 175 ismounted on the inside face of main sheet 82. The fasteners of housing181 are carried through mounting plate 175 as well, forming a sandwich.When a key of appropriate shape and dimensions is passed by rail yardpersonnel into housing 181 to engage socket 218, torque can betransmitted to turn lever 192 and thereby release locking assembly 140.

Lever 192 has a first wing 173 cut in a profile having a knee 198 and afoot 183. Foot 183 can be actuated from inside doors 68 and 70 whenthose doors are closed, typically by a person stepping on it to releaselocking assembly 140. A linking member, in the nature of a pivotallymounted hard-eye 210 attached to a cable assembly 208 are connected totransmit the motion of knee 185 to latches 216 (at roof level) and 204(at the mid height deck level). Lever 192 has a second wing 179extending in the opposite direction from wing 173. Another linkingmember, in the nature of a clevis 212, is mounted pivotally to thedistal end of wing 179 to transmit motion to pin 168 of engagingapparatus (latch assembly) 164.

Latch assembly 164 (best shown in FIG. 9) is attached to door 68 (or 70)and includes a receptacle 166 located in the first deck of rail car 20,as illustrated in FIG. 4. Receptacle 166 is configured for close fittingmating engagement with a first pin 168 of latch assembly 164. The socketof receptacle 166 and pin 168 are substantially co-axial when in anengaged position. Pin 168 is mechanically linked to shaft 162, and ismovable between an engaged position and a disengaged position when shaft162 rotates about its longitudinal axis to move link 212, as describedbelow. When in an engaged position, pin 168 inhibits horizontal movementof door 68 along its arcuate path. Pin 168 has a tapered engagement end170 to facilitate entry of pin 168 into receptacle 166. Engagingapparatus 164 is located on an inboard side 136 of door 68.

Engaging apparatus 164 includes a bracket 172, which is attached to door68 using a fastener secured through bracket mounting holes 174. Bracket172 has a guide 176 for guiding pin 168 when pin 168 is moved betweenengaged and disengaged positions. The guide 176 encourages substantiallyvertical movement of pin 168 along a longitudinal axis of pin 168. Guide176 includes a bushing 178. Bushing 178 is held in place by upper andlower retaining flanges 180 of bracket 172. Bushing 178 is preferablysintered and may be lubricated to facilitate movement of pin 168.Bushing 178 may also be made of bronze to resist corrosion. Bushing 178may, for example, be an oilite bushing. Water or other contaminants thatenter bushing 178, are encouraged by gravity to exit bushing 178 via adrain 182 at the lower end thereof.

A biasing member such as a spring 184, is mounted coaxially about pin168. Spring 184 is captured, or retained, at one end against a flange186 of bracket 172 and at the other against a stop attached to pin 168,in the nature of a washer 188 surrounding pin 168. Washer 188 actsagainst protruding stubs of a shear pin 190 passing laterally throughpin 168. Washer 188 is thus sandwiched between cotter pin 190 and spring184. Spring 184 is disposed to encourage pin 168 to enter receptacle 166when pin 168 is aligned with receptacle 166 and so also to return lever192 to its undeflected position. Spring 184 is compressed when pin 168is in a disengaged position.

Door 68 has a second engaging apparatus namely latch assembly 204 havinga similar configuration to engaging apparatus 164. Latch assembly 264includes a second pin 206 for engagement in a second receptacle in upperdeck 40. Second pin 206 is oriented to act from below the secondreceptacle, unlike first pin 168, which is located to act from abovereceptacle 166. Second pin 206 is pivotally connected to wing 173 oflever 192. A downward movement in knee 198 of lever 192 causes adownward displacement and disengagement of second pin 206 from thesecond receptacle. At the same time, first pin 168 also moves to adisengaging position because first end 196 of lever 192 is moved upwardscausing first pin 168 to also be disengaged from receptacle 166. Thisconfiguration permits either rotation of shaft 162 or application of aforce to foot 183 of lever 192 to cause pins 168 and 206 to togetherbecome either engaged or disengaged at the same time. The springs of therespective engaging apparatuses 164 and 204 encourages pins 168 and 206to return to their engaged positions.

Pins 168 and 206 are connected to lever 192 via wires or cables 208.Cables 208 are attached to lever 192 with clevis 210. Cables 208 areprotected by a cover plate 214 such as a vertical stiffener 134 having acable conduit therethrough. While FIG. 5 shows cables 208 exposed, theyare covered in the preferred embodiment of the invention. Cover plate214 protects the cables from damage during loading and unloading of railcar 20. When doors 68 and 70 are in a closed position, cover plate 214may tend to discourage unauthorized opening of the lock by insertion ofa hook or like device into rail car 20 to engage and pull cables 208 sothat one of doors 68 or 70 may be opened.

Lock assembly 140 may also have a third engaging apparatus namely latchassembly 216 for securing door 68 to the underside of roof 36. Latchassembly 216 includes third pin 217 and is configured in a similarmanner as described above for second engaging apparatus 204 and isconnected to knee 198 by another branch of cable 208.

As noted above, pins 168, 216 and 217 of lock assembly 140 may be movedbetween engaged positions and disengaged positions by applying a forceto foot 183 of lever 192. This may only be done from the interior ofrail car 20 because lever 192 and the engaging apparatus 164, 204 and216 are located on the inboard side 136 of door 68. To activate lockassembly 140 from the outboard side 118 of door 68, shaft 162 isprovided with a non-round axial cavity, namely socket 218, at anoutboard end thereof for receiving a similarly shaped key (not shown).Insertion and turning of the key rotates shaft 162 causing lever 192 tomove, and thereby causing the connected first, second and third pins168, 206, 217 to each move between engaging and disengaging positions.The non-round axial cavity 218 may be rectangular, or a unique shape todiscourage unauthorized operation of lock 140.

First Guide

Referring to FIGS. 3, 4 and 5, door 68 has a first guide member such asa skirt or plate 220 protruding downwardly from a bottom edge 158thereof. As noted above, main deck 38 includes guide plate 222. Guideplate 222 has a groove 224 for receiving the downwardly protrudingportion of plate 220 to slidingly guide door 68 as it moves between openand closed positions. Guide plate 222 is generally planar and orientedin a plane substantially perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of door68.

Plate 220 may be formed integrally with or attached to door 68.Unauthorized access using pries or other implements between door 68 andmain deck 38 may tend to be impeded by the presence of plate 220. Plate220 may alternatively be in the form of a finger (not shown) forengaging groove 224.

Groove 224 is arcuate, having an arc that corresponds to (a) the angulardisplacement of door 68 (or 70) between open and closed positions; plus(b) the arc of plate 220 itself. An end 226 of groove 224 is locatednear to the intersection of an axis tangent to the arcuate groove 224and an axis parallel to the longitudinal centerline of main deck 38,wherein the tangent axis is normal to the longitudinal centerline ofrail car 20. The arcuate groove 224 is preferably of a uniform radiusthat is concentric with the arcs traversed by rollers 150 and 160. Thismay tend to encourage alignment of door 68 as it moves from open toclosed positions. Groove 224 may preferably extend through the thicknessT of guide plate 222, to permit drainage of groove 224.

Guide plate 222 also has at least one receptacle 166 for matingengagement with an engaging member 168 of lock assembly 140. Receptacle166 is preferably located along an arc parallel to arcuate groove 224,and inboard of groove 224. Additional receptacles, such as receptacle228 may be employed to secure door 68 in an open position, andreceptacle 166 may be used to secure door 68 in a closed position.

At least one strengthening member, such as tie plate 230 (shown inphantom in FIG. 4), is mounted to the underside of guide plate 222. Tieplate 230 traverses groove 224 to add rigidity to guide plate 222adjacent groove 224.

Roof

Referring to FIGS. 2 a, 2 b, 3 and 12, central corrugated roof 66preferably has a generally uniform lateral cross-section having ageneral U-shape. The U-shaped roof 66 has terminal legs 232 and 234,which may be parallel to each other. Legs 232 and 234 terminate at freeends 236 and 238. Free ends 236 and 238 are square-cut relative to topchords 62 and 64. That is, free ends 236 and 238 each have a profiledefining a surface 240. Surface 240 has an undulating shape thatcorresponds to the corrugations of roof 66, as is shown in FIG. 13. Freeends 236 and 238 are positioned adjacent to, and are preferably inabutting relationship with, top chords 62 and 64. In operative position,roof 66 is supported atop chords 62 and 64. Because the profile of thecorrugations of roof 66 abut top chords 62 and 64, gaps or passagesbetween roof 66 and top chords 62 and 64 are limited. A sealant, such asa silicone rubber caulking can be used to further obstruct gaps whichmay remain.

In the preferred embodiment, surface 240 is generally planar and liesgenerally normal to a longitudinal axis of associated leg 232 (or 234).To reduce gaps between roof 66 and top chords 62 and 64, a top chordsurface 242 of each top chord is configured to conform to roof profilesurface 240. In the embodiment described, top chord surfaces 242 aregenerally planar and are oriented to be generally level when inoperative position. Accordingly, top chord surfaces 242 abut roofprofile surfaces 240 when roof 66 is placed thereon. If roof profilesurfaces 240 are oriented at a different angle, then corresponding topchord surfaces 242 are preferably configured to be oriented at acorresponding angle so that the surfaces 240 and 242 abut each other,and are preferably flush, to reduce the size of any gaps or passagestherebetween (not shown).

Top chords 62 and 64 are roll formed to give the profile 244 shown inFIG. 12. When viewed in profile, as shown for example in FIG. 12, eachtop chord 62, 64 has a first leg 246 and a second leg 248 extending fromeither side of medial portion 245. First leg 246 is oriented forattachment to the vertical side wall posts 60. Second leg 248 isoriented for attachment to roof 66. First leg 246 is preferablygenerally oriented normal to medial portion 245, so that it lies in aplane corresponding to the exterior of rail car 20. Second leg 248 isalso generally oriented normal to medial portion 245 but it extends in adirection opposite to first leg 246 for location adjacent a surface ofroof 66 corresponding to the interior of rail car 20. Legs 246 and 248may be attached using fasteners, such as bolts, rivets or by welding, orin some other manner that secures bracket 244 to top chord 62 (or 64)and roof 66.

The above arrangement may encourage drainage of, for example, rainwaterpassing over roof 66, to be directed (i.e., to drain) to the exterior ofrail car 20. Passage of contaminants to the interior of rail car 20 maybe further inhibited by applying a seal along the interface between roofleg free end 236 (and 238) and bracket 244. A water resistant inhibitorsuch as a silicone caulking 249 or a weld (not shown) may be used toform such a seal. As shown in FIG. 12, caulking 249 may be locatedadjacent leg 246.

Top chord 62, 64 may additionally include a guidance member in thenature of a longitudinal flange 250 running along second leg 248. Flange250 is preferably angled upwardly and inwardly away from the plane ofsecond leg 248 to facilitate installation of roof 66 by acting as atapered, or chamfered lead-in. As shown in FIG. 12, medial portion 245is wider than the width of adjacent posts 60 so that radiused bend area254, located between medial portion 245 and second leg 248, is lesslikely to interfere with the positioning of leg end 236 (or 238) ontomedial portion 245. That is, if the bend radius of the upwardlyextending leg were formed without the re-entrant loop, identified asre-entrant bulge 256, the radiused bend area 254 might tend to standproud of the plane of the outboard surface of leg 248. In that instance,the radius would tend to prevent a square fit-up of the square cut endsof roof 66 with the flat portion of the top chord. Interference with thebend radius could be avoided by termination of roof 66 at a height abovethe bend radius, leaving an unsealed gap above the top chord and underthe corrugated edge. However, by moving the radius inboard of the planeof the outboard surface of leg 248, a square abutting fit may tend moreeasily to be obtained as shown.

In an alternative embodiment, top chords 62, 64 could be in anotherform, such as a rectangular steel tube, and a bracket having the shapeof horizontal leg 242, vertical leg 248 and a re-entrant bulge, such asbulge 256 could be employed to permit a square cut abutment, and acontinuous member for discouraging water drainage into the car.

Second Guide

Referring to FIGS. 14 and 15, rail car 20 may additionally be providedwith a second guide structure 258. Structure 258 may alternatively serveas a guide and retainer to encourage door 68 (or 70) to follow apre-determined path when door 68 (or 70) is moved between open andclosed positions. In the present description, structure 258 is describedin the context of door 68. While not expressly described herein, asimilar structure of opposite hand may also be used in conjunction withdoor 70.

Structure 258 co-operates with a corresponding feature 260 of door 68 toinhibit displacement of door 68 in a direction generally normal to aplane of door 68. Structure 258 is preferably configured to engagefeature 260 so that feature 260 is permitted to move in a directiongenerally concentric to structure 258 (i.e., as door 68 is moved betweenopen and closed positions), but structure 258 inhibits movement offeature 260 in a direction generally perpendicular to structure 258.FIG. 15 is a section taken through the “Number 1 post” 78, lookinglongitudinally inboard, with door 70 (or 68, opposite hand) in apartially open condition in which the guide follower, feature 260, ofthe upper, outer portion of the door is seen engaged with the guide,structure 258, near the laterally outboard extremity of its arc.

In the preferred embodiment, structure 258 includes a web member 268 anda band, or flange member 259. Web member 268 has an inner edge cut toconform to the sectional profile of the “number one post”, 78, and theadjoining shear bay panel 76 and shear bay panel extension 102. Theoutboard edge of web member 268 is cut on a circular arc that iscentered on axis ‘X’. Flange member 259 is formed on the profile of theoutboard edge of web member 268, and is welded to it such that flange259 extends downwardly from the plane of web 268. The ends of flangemember 259 are bent into weldable tabs for welding (a) to the insideoutboard corner of the number one post 78 and (b) to the shear bay panel76.

In the preferred embodiment, feature 260 is a protrusion in the natureof bracket 262 having an upwardly extending finger 261. Bracket 262 ismounted to the outboard vertical door stiffener 133 (or 137 as may be).Finger 261 is spaced radially inwardly relative to the back of stiffener133 or 137 of door 68 forming a gap therebetween. The gap is configuredto receive the downwardly extending flange 259 of structure 258. The gap266 is comfortably wider than the thickness of flange 259 to permitmovement of door 68 (including attached finger 261) between open andclosed positions when flange 259 is located therebetween. Thisarrangement permits door 68 to be oriented generally perpendicular tomain deck 38 as it is moved between open and closed positions. Radialarm 84 co-operates with guide structure 258, plate 220 and associatedfeatures to direct door 68 when it is moved between open and closedpositions.

Flange 259 may also be approximately six inches wide so that it mayoverlap finger 261. Web member 268 may be located or set at an anglefrom level, and may have a drain hole at the low point (lying outboardof the shear bay panel, preferably, so that liquid, such as rainwater,is directed to a desired location outside the enclosed space of car 20more generally. For example, rain water may be directed away fromsidewall 32 and toward number two post 80.

In operation, flange 259 is located between finger 261 and door 68.Finger 261 or door 68 (or both) come into sliding contact with flange259, and flange 259 encourages door 68 to follow the arc defined byflange 259. Flange 259 can be provided with a high density polymermaterial coating to encourage sliding. All inside and outside contactsurfaces of the track can likewise be coated (including finger andband).

A {fraction (3/16)}″ steel sheet plate bent to conform to shape of theroof extends from just longitudinally inboard of the #2 post 80 past the#1 post 78 to stiffen the end portion of roof.

Ballasted Deck Plate

Rail car 20 has a weight carried by its rail car trucks 23 and 24.Referring to FIGS. 11 a and 11 b, two or more rail car units may bejoined, for example to form a three unit auto rack rail road car,indicated generally as 340 and 320, respectively. Cars 340 and 320 eachhave a weight which is carried by their respective rail car trucks 350,352, and 354, and 332 and 334. If the rail road car is configured as anarticulated rail car, as shown in FIGS. 11 a and 11 b, there is a numberof rail car units joined at a number of articulated connectors, andcarried for rolling motion along railcar tracks by a number of rail cartrucks. In each case the number of articulated car units is one morethan the number of articulations, and one less than the number oftrucks. In the event that some of the cars units are joined by drawbars, the number of articulated connections will be reduced by one foreach draw bar added, and the number of trucks will increase by one foreach draw bar added. Typically, articulated rail road cars have onlyarticulated connections between the car units. All cars described havereleasable couplers mounted at their opposite ends.

Where at least two car units are joined by an articulated connector,there are end trucks (e.g., 350, 332) inset from the coupler ends of theend car units, and intermediate trucks (e.g. 352, 354, 334) that aremounted closer to, or directly under, one or other of the articulatedconnectors (e.g. 356, 330). In a car having cantilevered articulations,the articulated connector is mounted at a longitudinal offset distance(the cantilever arm CA) from the truck center. In each case, each of thecar units has an empty weight, and a design full weight. The full weightis usually limited by the truck capacity, for example, 70 ton, 100 ton,110 ton (286,000 lbs.) or 125 ton. In some instances, with low densitylading, the volume of the lading is such that the truck loading capacitymay not tend to be reached without exceeding the volumetric capacity ofthe car body.

Inasmuch as the car weight would generally be more or less evenlydistributed on a lineal foot basis, and as such the interior truckswould otherwise tend to carry more weight than the coupler end trucks, ameasure of weight equalization is achieved in the embodiments of FIGS.11 a and 11 b described above by adding ballast to the end car units inthe region of the end trucks. That is, the dead sprung weightdistribution of the end car units is biased toward the coupler end, andhence toward the coupler end truck (e.g. 350, 332).

For example, in the embodiments shown, a first ballast member isprovided in the nature of main deck plate 222 (described above) ofunusual thickness T that forms part of main deck 38 of the rail carunit. Plate 222 preferably extends across the width of the end car unit,and from the longitudinally outboard end of the deck a distance LB. Inthe embodiments of FIGS. 11 a and 11 b, plate 222 additionally serves asa rolling surface for rollers 150 and 160, and is the deck plate throughwhich the arcuate guide channel 224 is made to guide the bottom edges ofdoors 68 and 70 as described above. In this case, thickness T may be 1½inches, the width may be 112 inches, and the length LB may be 312inches, giving a weight of roughly 15,220 lbs., centered on the truckcenter of the end truck 332. Alternatively, thickness T may be athickness greater than ¾ inches, such as 1 inch, 1¼ inches, or 1½inches, or greater. T may, for example, be a thickness in the range of{fraction (3/4)} inches to 2 inches.

Various embodiments of the invention have now been described in detail.Since changes in and or additions to the above-described best mode maybe made without departing from the nature, spirit or scope of theinvention, the invention is not to be limited to those details.

1. An auto rack rail road car comprising: an auto rack body including afirst deck upon which to carry automobiles, and a housing structure,said housing structure including a roof assembly overspanning said firstdeck; said first deck having a first lock fitting; said roof assemblyhaving a gable end; said roof assembly having a second lock fitting atsaid gable end; at least one radial arm door operable to provide accessto said first deck; said door having a releasable locking apparatus;said locking apparatus including a first locking member operable toengage said first lock fitting, and a second locking member operable toengage said second lock fitting.
 2. The auto rack rail road car of claim1 wherein said locking apparatus includes an actuator connected tooperate both said first and second locking members.
 3. The auto rackrail road car of claim 1 wherein said radial arm door has an arcuateportion and a tangent portion, and said first and second locking membersare mounted to said tangent portion.
 4. The auto rack rail road car ofclaim 1 wherein said auto rack rail road car has a second deck mountedbetween said first deck and said roof, said second deck has a third lockfitting, and said locking apparatus includes a third locking memberoperable to engage said third lock fitting.
 5. The auto rack rail roadcar of claim 4 wherein said locking apparatus includes an actuatorconnected to operate all of said first, second, and third lockingmembers.
 6. The auto rack rail road car of claim 1 wherein said firstlock fitting has a drain.
 7. The auto rack rail road car of claim 1wherein said first lock fitting is self-lubricated.
 8. The auto rackrail road car of claim 1 wherein said door is mounted to travel onrollers and one of said rollers is vertically adjustable.
 9. The autorack rail road car of claim 1 wherein said door is mounted to travel onrollers, and one of said rollers is mounted on an adjustable eccentricmember.
 10. The auto rack rail road car of claim 1 wherein said door hasa ladder mounted thereto.
 11. The auto rack rail road car of claim 1wherein said door includes a door sheet having an arcuate portion and atangential portion and vertical stiffeners mounted to said door sheet,and a portion of said locking apparatus is mounted within one of saidstiffeners.
 12. The auto rack rail road car of claim 1 wherein saidgable end has a profile, and said door includes a flange conforming tosaid profile of said gable end.
 13. The auto rack rail road car of claim12 wherein said door is movable to a closed position relative to saidhousing structure, and in said closed position, said flange overliessaid gable end.
 14. The auto rack rail road car of claim 12 wherein saiddoor is movable to a closed position relative to said housing structure,and, in said closed position, a seal is seated between said flange andsaid gable end.
 15. The auto rack rail road car of claim 1 wherein saiddoor includes a portion operable to engage said gable end of said roofwhen said door is in a closed position relative to said housingstructure, and, in said closed position of said door, a seal is capturedbetween said door and said gable end of said roof.
 16. The auto rackrail road car of claim 1 wherein said gable end includes anon-corrugated roof sheet.
 17. The auto rack rail road car of claim 1wherein said housing structure includes upstanding sidewalls and topchords surmounting said sidewalls; and said roof assembly includes roofsheets cut to conform to said top chords.
 18. The auto rack rail roadcar of claim 1 wherein said housing structure includes upstandingsidewalls and top chords surmounting said sidewalls; and said roofassembly includes roof sheets flush cut to fit said top chords.
 19. Theauto rack rail road car of claim 1 wherein said housing structureincludes upstanding sidewalls and top chords surmounting said sidewalls;said roof assembly includes roof sheets having edges seating on said topchords; and one of said top chords has a first leg providing a seat forsaid edges of said roof sheets, and a second leg extending inwardly ofsaid edges and upwardly of said first leg; and said first and secondlegs of said top chord are joined by a re-entrant portion.
 20. The autorack rail road car of claim 1 wherein said first deck includes a deckplate greater than {fraction (3/4)} inches thick.
 21. The auto rack railroad car of claim 20 wherein said deck plate has a guide channel formedtherein, said guide channel being engaged by said door.
 22. An auto rackrail road car comprising: an auto rack body including a first deck uponwhich to carry automobiles, and a housing structure, said housingstructure including a roof assembly overspanning said first deck; saidfirst deck having a first lock fitting; said roof assembly having agable end; said roof assembly having a second lock fitting at said gableend; at least one door operable to provide access to said housingstructure; said door having a releasable locking apparatus; said lockingapparatus including a first locking member operable to engage said firstlock fitting, and a second locking member operable to engage said secondlock fitting.
 23. An auto rack rail road car comprising a body having adeck structure for transporting automobiles, and a housing structureenclosing the deck structure; the housing structure including upstandingsidewalls surmounted by top chords, said top chords being surmounted bya gabled roof assembly having corrugated roof panels assembled in theform of a downwardly open U-shape, and said gabled roof assemblyincludes non-corrugated end sheets.
 24. The autorack rail road car ofclaim 23 wherein: said top chords have a first leg and a second leg;said second leg extends upwardly and inwardly of said first leg; saidroof assembly includes corrugated sheets having edges cut to abut flushwith said first leg of said top chord; and said second leg of said topchord extending to a greater height than said first leg.